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You certainly don t need to master the command-line tools in the Android SDK to develop applications in Android, but understanding what s available and where to look for capabilities is a good skill to have in your toolbox. If you need assistance with either the aapt or adb command, enter the command at the terminal, and a fairly verbose usage/help page is displayed. You can find additional information about the tools in the Android SDK documentation. The Android filesystem is a Linux filesystem. Though the adb shell command doesn t provide a rich shell programming environment, as you find on a Linux or Mac OS X system, basic commands such as ls, ps, kill, and rm are available. If you re new to Linux, you might benefit from learning some basic shell commands.

One other tool you ll want to make sure you re familiar with is telnet. Telnet allows you to connect to a remote system with a character-based UI. In this case, the remote system you connect to is the Android emulator s console. You can connect to it with the following command:

described previously)

This plug-in fetches a Twitter user s timeline feed from the following URL, where username is the name of the user:

In this case, localhost represents your local development computer where the Android emulator has been started, because the Android emulator relies on your computer s loopback IP address of 127.0.0.1. Why port 5554 Recall that when we employed adb to find running emulator instances, the output of that command included a name with a number at the end. The first Android emulator can generally be found at IP port 5554.

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layout (which is now at the top!)

In early versions of the Android SDK, the emulator ran at port 5555 and the Android console where we could connect via Telnet ran at 5554, or one number less than the number shown in DDMS. If you re having difficulty identifying which port number to connect on, be sure run netstat on your development machine to assist in finding the port number. Note that a physical device listens at port 5037.

If the account is not set to private, then the feed is returned in XML format This is achieved by setting $url to the URL to be retrieved and then passing it to the file_get_ contents() function, from where the XML is loaded into the string $file If $file is zero characters in length, then a single-element array with the value FALSE is returned because the feed could not be retrieved, or the username was invalid Otherwise, a new XML object called $xml is created from the contents of $file using the simplexml_load_string() function If the object s value is FALSE, then the XML was invalid or otherwise unusable so, again, an array with the value FALSE is returned Now the plug-in is ready to extract the Tweets from a feed, so the array $tweets is initialized and then a foreach loop steps through each $xml->status property in the object, passing it into the object $tweet From here the strtotime() function is used to convert the time stored in the property $tweet->created_at into a standard Unix timestamp value, which is then stored in $timestamp This allows the plug-in to replace the very awkward and overly precise dates and times used by Twitter, such as Thu Jun 25 21:28:18 +0000 2009, with much more friendly and readable strings, like Jun 25th, 9:28pm This is done using the date() function with a formatting argument of "M jS, g:ia" This new version of the date and time is then surrounded by brackets and followed by the Tweet itself, as retrieved from the property $tweet->text, and the resulting string is assigned to the next available element of the array $tweets Once all the Tweets have been processed, a two-element array is returned, the first element of which contains the number of Tweets returned, while the second is an array containing all the Tweets Incidentally, the @ symbols are in the code to suppress any warning error messages that might otherwise be displayed.

Using a telnet connection to the emulator provides a command-line means for configuring the emulator while it s running and for testing telephony features such as calls and text messages. So far you ve learned about the Eclipse environment and some of the commandline elements of the Android tool chain. At this point, it s time to create your own Android application to exercise this development environment.